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牛磺酸 (Taurine) 是一種天然的β-氨基酸,廣泛存在於人體的心臟、大腦和肝臟等興奮性組織中含量豐富 (Chen et al., 2021)。牛磺酸因其能量提升效果,常被用於運動補給品和能量飲料中。
研究顯示,牛磺酸能延緩運動中的疲勞感,可減少氧化壓力對肌肉的損傷,從而提升運動耐力和恢復速度 (Siregar et al., 2022)。
牛磺酸能幫助細胞中的粒線體(細胞的 [發電廠]) 從而提升細胞的能量生產效率 (Jangra et al., 2024)。
在酒精代謝方面,牛磺酸促進酒精分解,並減輕酒精對肝細胞的損傷。
總結來說,牛磺酸通過促進酒精和脂質代謝、增強抗氧化和抗炎作用,減少酒精對肝臟的損害並維持肝臟健康 (Siregar et al., 2022)。
牛磺酸具有神經保護作用,能調節大腦神經遞質,穩定情緒和提升專注力 (Jangra et al., 2024)。
2. 熬夜工作者:
3. 長期疲勞者:
4. 應酬飲酒者:
總結而言,牛磺酸在多方面對健康有積極影響。它參與細胞能量代謝和離子平衡,提升運動表現、延緩疲勞、促進恢復;在肝臟中,支持解毒代謝、保護肝細胞免受酒精和氧化壓力損害;於神經系統中,調節神經傳導、對抗神經炎症和氧化傷害,維持認知功能和神經保護。這些特性使牛磺酸特別適合運動員、經常熬夜和感到疲勞的人群,以及經常飲酒者。近年研究廣泛證實了牛磺酸的健康效益,未來更多臨床研究將進一步揭示其應用潛力 (Chen et al., 2021; Siregar et al., 2022)。
Chen, Q., Li, Z., Pinho, R. A., Gupta, S., Ugbolue, U. C., Thirupathi, A., & Gu, Y. (2021). The dose response of taurine on aerobic and strength exercises: A systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 700352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.700352
Cleveland Clinic. (2023). A quick tour of taurine. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/taurine
Jangra, A., Gola, P., Singh, J., Gond, P., Ghosh, S., Rachamalla, M., Dey, A., Iqbal, D., Kamal, M., Sachdeva, P., Jha, S. K., Ojha, S., Kumar, D., Jha, N. K., Chopra, H., & Tan, S. C. (2024). Emergence of taurine as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders. Neural regeneration research, 19(1), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.374139
Thirupathi, A., Pinho, R. A., Baker, J. S., István, B., & Gu, Y. (2020). Taurine reverses oxidative damages and restores the muscle function in overuse of exercised muscle. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 582449. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.582449
Lin, C. J., Chiu, C. C., Chen, Y. C., Chen, M. L., Hsu, T. C., & Tzang, B. S. (2015). Taurine attenuates hepatic inflammation in chronic alcohol-fed rats through inhibition of TLR4/MyD88 signaling. Journal of Medicinal Food, 18(12), 1291-1298. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2014.3408
Siregar, A. S., Nyiramana, M. M., Kim, E. J., Shin, E. J., Woo, M. S., Kim, J. M., ... & Kang, D. (2022). Oyster broth concentrate and its major component taurine alleviate acute alcohol-induced liver damage. Food Science & Nutrition, 10(7), 2390-2399. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2847
Schaffer, S. W., & Kim, H. W. (2018). Effects and mechanisms of taurine as a therapeutic agent. Biomolecules & Therapeutics (Seoul), 26(3), 225-241. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2017.251
Jangra, A., Rajput, P., Dwivedi, D. K., & Lahkar, M. (2020). Amelioration of repeated restraint stress-induced behavioral deficits and hippocampal anomalies with taurine treatment in mice. Neurochemical Research, 45(4), 731-740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-019-02945-8
Takahashi, Y., & Hatta, H. (2017). Effects of taurine administration on exercise-induced fatigue and recovery. The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 6(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.6.33